• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Acoustic insulation screens with artificial vegetation cover. The invention comprises a new type of acoustic insulation screen with artificial vegetation cover of high acoustic performance that improves the acoustic absorption coefficient and the acoustic insulation with respect to other monolithic acoustic screens built with different landscape materials incompatible, providing an integration of the barriers acoustics in the natural environment. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2555668A1
    申请号:ES201400552
    申请日:2014-07-03
    公开日:2016-01-07
    发明作者:Leandro Victoria Navas；Aurelio Arenas Dalla Vecchia
    申请人:Universidad de Murcia；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    J * 2 0 1 ^ 00 ^
    Acoustic insulation screens with artificial plant cover 5 Obsolete of the invention
    The present invention consists of a new mode of acoustic insulation screen used to reduce noise levels caused by the traffic of different means of transport (automotive, rail, etc.) and other industrial and recreational activities.
    Increasingly, in certain roads near populated areas, we can see a large number of acoustic screens made of different materials installed: metal, concrete, lightened concrete, methacrylate, wood, etc. All of them have an overall exterior appearance for each of the sides seen that are not integrated into the environment. In the best case we find another type of acoustic screens manufactured with a natural vegetal coating that provides them with a better appearance and that manages to improve their appearance and integrate them into the environment. However, these screens require continuous maintenance, as they are 20 as vertical gardens with needs for irrigation, fertilization, pruning, etc.
    The acoustic screens object of the invention are manufactured with an artificial vegetal coating that gives them an aesthetic appearance that makes them landscape compatible with the natural environment where they are installed, with a high coefficient of 25 acoustic absorption and a good insulation coefficient.
    Technology Sector
    Acoustic barriers in construction, on roads and on railway lines.
    30
    Background of the invention and state of the art
    The environmental noise caused by traffic and industrial and recreational activities is one of the main environmental problems and is the origin of a growing number of complaints. The Fifth European Community Program for environmental policy and action of 1993 began to correct this situation and included a series of basic objectives with regard to exposure to noise to achieve
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    2000. Another proposal for the revision of the Fifth Program (Decision No. 540/1996 / EC of the European Commission of November 4, 1996 on the revision of the Community Program for policy and action in the field of environment and sustainable development) development initiatives to reduce noise with actions aimed at meeting these objectives.
    The first step to develop such a program was reflected in "The Green Book of the fight against noise" of the European Commission, aimed at stimulating public debate on the future approach to noise policy. The green paper reviews the global noise situation and the community and national measures adopted so far and establishes a framework for action that will improve information and examine future options for noise reduction from various sources. Following these demands and to this day, acoustic barriers have been installed in numerous infrastructures as an effective way to reduce the environmental impact they cause, especially roads and train tracks.
    The social pressure on noise is getting the adoption of noise control criteria recommended by WHO and the OECD. One of the solutions in which more work is being done in recent years is in the development of acoustic screens, since it has been shown that it is an effective method to reduce the sound impact caused by such infrastructure in the means of propagation.
    Regarding the state of the art, it must be said that in the current market there are companies that have developed innovative designs of screens or acoustic barriers that, in addition to complying with the necessary specifications for this type of shielding, reduce the maximum environmental impact when using industrial waste and other recycled materials in its manufacturing. With all this, it is intended that the following noise levels be exceeded at any point in the inhabited areas near a road or railroad track (equivalent LAeq sound pressure level):
    LAeq.dia = 65 dB (A)
    LAeq.night = 55 dB (A)
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    On the other hand, it is worth mentioning the documents that have been located related to this invention:
    Patent-1 (FR2806108A1, Perrin Roudil Richard, 10.09.2001) in which a sound-absorbing wall with a decorative plant structure is described. Describe how this structure is fixed on a sound absorbing wall built for this purpose.
    Patent-2 (KR20090005902A, MUN KWANG HO et al., 14.01.2009) in which an artificial grass cover is described on a wall that separates the houses from the road with road traffic to isolate them from noise.
    Patent-3 (DE4136444A1, BALSAM AG, 13.05.1993) in which the structure and mode of manufacture of an artificial grass for sports fields is described.
    Patent-4 (US5912442A, NYE et al., 06.15.1999) where a structure constructed with two perforated sheets and an intercalated layer of honeycomb is described. This structure is intended to reduce acoustic vibration in buildings that are in environments with high noise levels.
    Description of the invention
    The procedure described below is aimed at obtaining a new acoustic insulation screen that has high absorption and acoustic insulation coefficients in accordance with the European standard (Acoustic Absorption Standards UNE-EN-1793-1, and acoustic insulation UNE-EN-1793-2) and highlights its pleasant aesthetic appearance that facilitates its integration into the natural environment once installed.
    For this, the behavior has been analyzed as acoustic absorbent materials of continuous artificial plant coverings, for example, those of “artificial grass”, although they may have other types of plant design such as cypress leaf, boxwood leaves, or others. For this, the coefficient of acoustic absorption of different samples of continuous artificial plant cover has been measured.
    Comparative measures have been made using different dimensions and textures of artificial plant coverings, verifying that the manufacture of screens with continuous artificial plant cover considerably improves the absorption coefficients and
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    insulation with respect to the best parameters of other acoustic screens. In the case of high acoustic absorption coefficient screens, the average absorption coefficient of a perforated metal sandwich screen with rock wool insulation increases, from a value of 0.70 to a value of 0.75. In the case of screens with low acoustic absorption coefficient, you can increase it by multiplying its value by three (for example, increase the average absorption coefficient of an unperforated sandwich screen from a value of 0.27 to a value of 0.64). In the case of a rigid plastic screen reflective methacrylate increases its absorption coefficient of 0.06 to a value of
    0.31; something similar happens in the case of concrete screens. In the case of a steel pole, its absorption coefficient increases from a value of 0.07 to a value of 0.30. Figure 5 shows the bar chart related to the distribution of the acoustic absorption coefficient as a function of frequency, for the perforated sandwich screen cited with artificial plant cover. As far as the measurement of acoustic insulation is concerned, the installation of the artificial plant cover increases the sound reduction (lost by transmission) by a value of about 6 dB, with respect to the screen on which it is installed, depending on the conditions in that the artificial vegetation cover be applied. Figure 6 shows the distribution of acoustic insulation values as a function of the frequency for the same screen with artificial plant cover. It has also been proven that the installation of the artificial plant cover, which resembles a ridge profile known as “Thnadner” but with absorbent properties (Esteban David Olmos Cancino / 'Evaluation of the loss of insertion of an acoustic barrier applied in a linear project ”, PhD Thesis, University of Valdivia, 2002), significantly reduces (between 1dB and 3 dB according to the geometric characteristics of the artificial plant cover used) the acoustic diffraction generated at the edge of the screens, which contributes to increasing the Insulation index thereof.
    As a structure on which to apply the artificial plant cover can be used both concrete panels manufactured with light aggregates, as “sandwich” panels of metal sheet, self-supporting, with a core of insulating material (rock wool or others), or any other type of monolithic panel.
    These panels must be supported laterally by vertical posts, preferably metal, which can be profile Gray-HEB, UPN, IPN or others, attached or welded to anchor plates to fix them to the ground. The profile of these posts has a double “U” geometry that acts as a slide in the assembly of the panels, and as a support, these being fitted between each pair of posts. When lining the panels with
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    artificial plant cover should leave a strip or strip unlined on each side edge of the panels to be able to move them and insert them without difficulty between each pair of posts. The width of the unlined strip or strip depends on the depth of the "U" of the profile. To avoid an acoustic bridge that decreases the effectiveness of the screens, the posts should be lined with the artificial plant cover on both sides, as well as the side parts that are seen. The artificial plant cover of the posts must have a smaller thickness than those of the panels to avoid a step in the roof and achieve a visual effect of continuity on the screen surface.
    In addition, the upper part (ridge) of the panels and posts must be lined by the artificial plant cover to achieve a reduction in the transmission of sound by diffraction at the upper edge, to increase its resistance to weather agents and to mimic to a natural hedge thus achieving maximum integration in the environment.
    The artificial plant cover is formed by a continuous base or tapestry of an elastomeric thermopolymer such as EPDM (ethylene propylene diene) or others and a surface that mimics grass or any other plant belonging to the plant kingdom made in a thermoplastic such as polyethylene and / or polypropylene . Fibers or artificial plant elements are sewn to the tapestry or base of the cover so that on the back of it there are longitudinal seams that protrude in a low relief of a few millimeters. It has been proven experimentally that by practicing holes in the base of the vegetation cover in the area of the streets that are formed between the longitudinal seams, the absorption coefficient that this vegetation cover confers to the screen where it is fixed is considerably increased.
    These materials that form the artificial plant cover together with the distribution and height (greater than or equal to 3 cm) of the artificial plant fibers or elements give the acoustic screen assembly resistance to vandal attacks such as “graffiti” paints, since it prevents its fixing and highlighting, in addition to contributing to the improvement of the aesthetic and acoustic properties of the support panel; It also gives them other properties such as: high resistance to abrasion, wear and weather agents; a working temperature that ranges between -40 ° C and 120 ° C; high chemical inertia being resistant to pollutants and corrosion; UV resistance; color fastness; Fire resistance, not spreading the flame.
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    Description of the figures
    Figure 1: Section view of two sound absorbing screens with artificial plant cover, assembled using machi-female edges.
    Figure 2: enlarged perspective view of the back of a piece of the base of the green roof where the longitudinal seams and the holes made in the streets between seams are distinguished.
    Figure 3: perspective of the sound absorbing screens supported with the posts and anchor plates.
    Figure 4: overall perspective of a sound-absorbing screen with artificial plant cover.
    Figure 5: Bar chart related to the distribution of the acoustic absorption coefficient as a function of the frequency (for values of thirds of octave from 100 Hz to 5000 Hz), for the sandwich screen with artificial plant cover.
    Figure 6: graph relative to the distribution of the acoustic isolation index or lost by transmission in decibels, as a function of the frequency per octave, for the sandwich screen with artificial plant cover.
    Reference List
    1. Artificial plant cover.
    2. Machi-female.
    3. Nucleus of insulating material.
    4. Base of the vegetation cover.
    5. Longitudinal seams.
    6. Holes made in the base.
    7. Vegetable fibers.
    8. Artificial plant cover.
    9. Post.
    10. Anchor plate.
    Preferred realization of the invention
    The fabrication of these acoustic screens consists of two phases: 1) Mechanical treatment of the base of the artificial plant cover and 2) fixed of the artificial plant cover on the surface of the panels and the posts that support them.
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    1) Once the appropriate artificial plant cover is selected and acquired, it must have perforations in the base that supports the artificial plant cover fibers, which increase the acoustic absorption coefficient of the panels on which they are applied. These holes will be made in line between the seams presented by the base of the artificial plant cover on the back.
    The realization of these holes can be carried out either during the manufacture of the base of the artificial plant cover, or prior to the installation in the panels. Different geometries and hole sizes have been tested, as well as the distance between them, being a good configuration formed by circular holes of diameter "d" 2 mm <d <4.5 mm separated from each other a distance "s" of 0.5 cm <s £ 3 cm.
    2) Once the type of panel on which to fix the artificial plant cover has been manufactured, its dimensions are measured, as well as the dimensions of the posts on which they will be housed. From the measurements obtained, the artificial plant cover is cut with the exact dimensions to cover the lateral surface of the two sides of the panel, but leaving the two bands or lateral strips of the panels that are housed inside the “U” uncovered "Of the posts. For the panel that is located at the top of the screen, a single piece of artificial plant cover that covers both sides and the upper edge will be cut.
    In addition, the artificial plant cover will be cut with the dimensions of the faces seen from the posts, so that it also covers the top of it. This cover will have a thickness less than the cover of the panels, so that the surfaces of the panel and the posts are flush. In this way two effects are achieved, one aesthetic, because a visual continuity of the acoustic screen is obtained when the post is hidden from view and, another functional, because it prevents the post itself from acting as an acoustic bridge and propagating the sound to the back of it. That is, acoustic insulation and attenuation is achieved not only in the panels but also in the vertical fastening posts.
    Once the artificial plant cover of the required dimensions is cut, it is glued onto the faces of the panel using a polyurethane adhesive. Figure 1 shows the artificial plant cover 1 adhered to both sides of the panel, the machi-female joint 2 between two panels and the core of insulating material 3. The union of the artificial plant cover to the panel is made at the seams of the back of the base of the
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    cover, as the seams protrude from the rest of the cover on the back, therefore being in contact with the panel where they are to be fixed and it will be at those points of contact where the adhesive is applied. These seams together with the holes and the continuity of the base or tapestry create cavities (Helmholtz resonators) that contribute to improve the coefficient of acoustic absorption and the Index of acoustic isolation of the panel.
    In figure 2 it represents an enlarged view of the back of a piece of green roof on whose base 4 a line of holes 6 has been made in the middle of the streets formed by the longitudinal seams 5 that fix the vegetable fibers 7 to the base or tapestry .
    When the panels are finished and the posts are installed on the ground, the panels are fitted along the top of the posts until reaching the desired height, placing on the top a panel that has cover in addition to the two sides, the edge higher. Figure 3 shows the panels with plant cover 8, assembled on a pole 9, fixed to the ground with anchor plate 10. Finally, the artificial plant cover strips are fixed with adhesive to the faces seen from the posts, so that are completely covered.
    In its case, it is also advisable to cover the protection base of concrete or other materials on which the acoustic screens rest and which can reach a height of about 70 cm. If this socket is not covered, the overall acoustic absorption coefficient of the entire acoustic barrier decreases considerably. Figure 4 shows a joint view of the finished acoustic screen. Figures 5 and 6 graphically represent the acoustic absorption coefficient and the sound insulation index measured with the impedance tube measurement system.
    Finally, it is necessary to highlight the differences of this invention with those described in the documents that have been related in the state of the art section:
    Regarding the document cited as Patent-1, it should be said that it is not described that the plant cover has sound-absorbing capacity, the absorbent capacity is made by a plastic foam. Its absorbent and sound insulating capacity is not quantified. In this invention the artificial plant cover is fixed on a wall or panel, whether or not sound absorbing. The tapestry that forms the basis of our artificial plant cover is continuous with longitudinal seams that form a low relief on the back of the
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    Vegetable cover When performing the perforations in the middle of the streets formed by these longitudinal seams, longitudinal and continuous resonance chambers are formed that absorb the sound; This composition confers to the wall where sound absorbing properties are fixed.
    In the document cited as Patent-2 describes an artificial grass cover that is fixed on the walls of a wall but makes no reference to the plant cover receiving any treatment, to absorb the sound, as is the case of our invention. Nor is its sound absorbing and insulating capacity quantified.
    The document cited as Patent-3 describes the manufacture of an artificial grass for sports fields, where the few holes that are made on it have the only functionality to drain the water so that it does not flood. Without its distribution being established, it lacks dimensions in diameter and separation.
    And finally, the document cited as Patent-4 describes a structure to reduce acoustic vibration based on the concept of Helmholtz cavity where the response of the structure to the induced acoustic vibrations in the frequency range between 10 and 1000 is quantified Hz. Its absorption and acoustic isolation behavior in the frequency range of 80 to 5000 Hz is not studied as established by current regulations. Our invention uses Helmholtz cavities, but with the difference that the arrangement of the holes in the cover of the vegetation cover is original and decisive to obtain a high absorption capacity and is a totally different procedure to that described in this document.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    1. Acoustic shielding system for the reduction of noise levels on roads, highways, highways, railways and their environments; characterized because
    5 is constructed by applying an artificial plant cover (1) fixed on the faces or surfaces of monolithic panels; said artificial cover is based on a tapestry (4) that has longitudinal seams (5) protruding from the back of the tapestry and in the spaces formed between said seams, perforations (6) are made with predetermined distances between holes.
    10
    [2]
    2. Acoustic shielding system according to the previous revindication, characterized in that said artificial cover is based on a continuous tapestry.
    [3]
    3. Acoustic shielding system according to the preceding claims,
    15 characterized in that the perforations of said base consist of circular holes
    of diameter "d"; 2 mm <d <4.5 mm; separated from each other a distance "s"; 0.5 cm <s <3 cm.
    [4]
    4. Acoustic shielding system according to the preceding claims,
    20 characterized in that the artificial plant cover covers the front, back and side faces
    upper of the vertical fixing posts of the panels.
    [5]
    5. Acoustic shielding system according to the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the artificial plant cover that covers the panels also covers the
    25 upper part (ridge) thereof.
    [6]
    6. Acoustic shielding system according to the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the artificial plant cover covers the sides seen from the posts.
    30 7. Acoustic shielding system according to previous claims, characterized
    because the artificial plant cover is formed by a base of an elastomeric thermopolymer such as EPDM (ethylene propylene diene) or others and a surface that mimics grass or any other plant belonging to the plant kingdom made in a thermoplastic such as polyethylene and / or polypropylene.
    [8]
    8. Acoustic shielding system according to previous claims, characterized in that it can be used by installing it on dividing walls of urban plots, sound-absorbing screens on roads and rail lines, and the walls that constitute the medians of motorways and highways.
    5
    [9]
    9. Acoustic shielding system according to previous claims, characterized in that it can also be used by installing it in the walls or sockets that serve as the basis for the support of the screens.
    10 10. Use of the acoustic shielding system to obtain “anti-graffiti” surfaces in
    the screens or walls where it is applied.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2555668B2|2016-05-11|
    WO2016001471A1|2016-01-07|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR2806108A1|2000-03-10|2001-09-14|Roudil Richard Perrin|Artificial hedge esp for reducing traffic noise is made from selfsupporting panels with fastenings for a decorative structure|
    KR20090005902A|2007-07-10|2009-01-14|문광호|Boundary block assembly|
    KR100937386B1|2009-05-12|2010-01-18|부림종합목재|Soundproof panel|
    KR20110072718A|2009-12-23|2011-06-29|부림종합목재|Front cover of h beam for soundproof panel|ES2598303A1|2016-11-07|2017-01-26|Universidad Politécnica de Madrid|Vegetable acoustic screen |
    CN112878221A|2021-03-01|2021-06-01|刘范德|Noise device falls in road and bridge|
    法律状态:
    2016-05-11| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2555668 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B2 Effective date: 20160511 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201400552A|ES2555668B2|2014-07-03|2014-07-03|Sound insulation screens with artificial plant cover|ES201400552A| ES2555668B2|2014-07-03|2014-07-03|Sound insulation screens with artificial plant cover|
    PCT/ES2015/070521| WO2016001471A1|2014-07-03|2015-07-03|Acoustic insulation screens with artificial plant covering|
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